The yoruba spiritual heritage maintains that the yoruba ethnic groups are a unique people who originally settled at ileife. Diachronic explanations of sound patterns ubc linguistics. A case study of yoruba ethnography of greetings semantic scholar. Professor afolabi teaches courses in yoruba language, culture, literature, religion and yoruba diaspora formations in brazil. This exploratory study, according to the linguistic comparative method, tries to show that large numbers of cognate lexical items are available between egyptian pharaonic language and modern yoruba of nigeria. Using both phonetic factors and typological evidence from other languages of the world, bantu as well as nonbantu, the book provides a careful and elaborate study on different phonological processes such as high vowel frication spirantization. Using generative syntax to describe the diachronic data from yoruba. The other yoruboid languages include igala and itsekiri.
Diachronic linguistics 971 in some cases the most frequent instances of a construction retain archaic charac teristics so that two means of expressing the same thing exist in a language tonie 1991. It is a pluricentric language spoken principally in nigeria and benin, with communities in sierra leone, liberia, other parts of africa, the americas, and europe. The article, a synchronic lexical study of gbe language varieties. Difference between synchronic and diachronic linguistics. Synchrony and diachrony are two different and complementary viewpoints in linguistic analysis. A synchronic approach from greek together and time considers a language at a moment in time without taking its history into account. While giving the diachronic account of numerals, girling 1958.
Topics yoruba language collection opensource language english. The nonvernacular remains of the language in the caribbean, lucumi, is the liturgical language. This paper investigates negative markers in five sinitic languages. This phenomenon was analyzed from both the diachronic and synchronic perspective. A sociocultural analysis of yoruba discourse patterns in. This study investigates how the language of chiropractic has changed over time. Implications for english language teaching and learning in nigeria. The neglect of diachronic semantic evolutions and the impact of ancient lexical. Contrastive study of english and yoruba morphological system. The phonetics of the yoruba language classifies these speech sounds while the phonology deals with the systemic relationships between them. A model of language in a synchronic and diachronic sense. Diachronic linguistics 949 change in the feature anterior. A comparative phonology of the olukumi, igala, owe and yoruba. The effects of different similarity judgment criteria, in the journal, linguistic discovery, volume 3, issue 1, year 2005.
Syllable patterns involving long sequences of consonants are both typologically rare and theoretically marginalized, with few approaches treating these as natural or unproblematic structures. Yoruba is spoken by more than 20 million people in southwestern. The number of speakers of yoruba is approaching 80 million. At any particular time language is used, however, we are capable of determining a func. The author asserts that the contact between english and yoruba in nigeria has positive consequences such as bilingualism, multilingualism, effective code mixing and code switching, borrowing, biand multiculturalism, and language enrichment. The yoruba koine its history and linguistic innovations j. If you want to practice what you have learned in yoruba, then this is your chance. My phonological analysis includes a phonemic inventory.
Politeness in the yoruba and french languages article pdf available in international journal of language studies 84. Linguistic change, growth and development lyons 1987 posits that linguistics is the scientific study of language. A diachronic study of change in juju music cambridge core. A global evaluation of the teaching and learning of yoruba language as a second or foreign language chapter pdf available january 2006 with 98 reads how we measure reads. The two aims are i to establish whether these languages share other linguistic features in common such that they constitute a distinct linguistic type, and ii to identify possible diachronic paths and natural mechanisms by which these patterns come about in the history of a language. Yoruba culture and health communication patterns the yoruba of southwestern nigeria have been described. It is believed that a comparative study of this type will reveal the differences which are assumed to be responsible for linguistic interference and are thus sources of difficulties for a yoruba learner of english. Sometimes the term diachronic linguistics is used instead of historical linguistics, as a way of referring to the study of language or languages at various points in time and at various historical stages. Gbenga fagborun the yoruba koine, extracted from the authors doctoral dissertation, examines the history and mechanisms of linguistic innovation in the yoruba language. This tried and trusted learning method is a refreshing choice in this digital age. The ikwerre native speakers experience, has been satisfactorily carried out by owhoeli ucheoma, a post graduate student in the department of english and literary studies and. Fsi yoruba basic course we made using the fsi yoruba basic course material easier to use and more effective. Language engineering is a continuing and dialectic process including orthography design corpus planning, material development, encouragement of language use at all levels to account for and communicate the changing experiences of the speakers as well as. Synchronic linguistics, also known as descriptive linguistics, is the study of language at any given point in time while diachronic linguistics is the study of language through different periods in history.
Vowel harmony and coarticulation in three dialects of yoruba. However, language change as a concept and as a subject of linguistic investigation is often regarded as something separate from the study of language in general. Alas, all these would be gone and totally lost since the language is progressively dying out and steadily being supplanted by other languages, most especially the english language. It is in view of the above that a synchronic study of english and yoruba morphological systems is undertaken here. I assume that language is a normative phenomenon enabling speakers to communicate. The main aim is to identify the various causes of linguistic variations. We made using the fsi yoruba basic course material easier to use and more effective. The number of speakers of yoruba is estimated between 30 and 40 million, primarily by the ethnic yoruba people. The linguistic analysis of the structure of the yoruba. The study of historical linguistics is simply defined as study of language change over a period of time. The gbe language varieties, spoken by a total of approximately eight million speakers estimate in gordon 2005, are situated in the southeastern part of west africa, occupying large areas in southwestern nigeria, southern benin, togo, and southeastern ghana.
Department of linguistics and african languages, university of abuja, abuja. Analysis and interpretation ades ola o late ju university of ibadan, nigeria abstract the paper undertakes a study of animal metaphors in the yoruba language with a view to highlighting the stylistic and communicative potentials of these metaphors. Synchronic linguistics aims at describing a language at a specific point of time, usually the present. A synchronic lexical study of gbe language varieties. Besides, the word yoruba seems to anate from the said yaem crub. Inconsistent language policy, successive government. African languages, africa, loanwords, oed, diachronic analysis. You can now read the ebook in the pane on the left, listen to the audio pane to the right and practice your pronunciation use on the pronunciation tool tab on right all at the same time.
Tracing the development of english from the old english period to the twentieth century is a diachronic study. The study of yoruba 241 nigeria, togo, and benin, are one of the three major ethnic groups of nigeria, africas most populous nation. A model of language in a synchronic and diachronic sense ji r raclavsky abstract language can be modelled in various ways, highlighting either its social or systemic character. Study of native speakers of yoruba who spoke english as a second language found that transfer of learning from one language to the other decreased with increasing proficiency in english.
It is believed that by studying the dialects of yoruba, linguists will be able to provide satisfactory. The study of change in a phenomenon such as a code over time in contrast to synchronic analysis. There is no doubt that in any culture or civilization, language is basic, and wherever you find a similar language being spoken, there is no doubt that there must be some historical connection. These can be traced to the influence of a particular type of dance music which preceded juju music in lagos. Learn more about the fll african languages specialization here. The yoruba spiritual heritage maintains that the yoruba ethnic groups are a.
A diachronic study of change in juju music 233 besides the influence of church hymns, other allusions and oblique references abound in the lyrical style of tunde king. A concise introduction to the yoruba language yoruba kasahorow kasahorow on. He is currently working on a booklength study of yoruba presence in brazil. He holds a joint appointment in spanish and portuguese as well as the department of african and african diaspora studies. Synchronic linguistics and diachronic linguistics are two main divisions of linguistics.
It is spoken, among other languages, in nigeria, benin, and togo and traces of it are found among communities in brazil, sierra leone, northern ghana and cuba. A comparative phonology of the olukumi, igala, owe and yoruba languages arokoyo, bolanle elizabeth department of linguistics and nigerian languages, university of ilorin, ilorin, nigeria. The first looks at a snapshot of a language, and the other studies its evolution like a. Language change1 raymond hickey essen university introduction it is an obvious truism to say that, given the dynamic nature of language, change is ever present. How to say study in yoruba whats the yoruba word for study. Historical linguistics, also called diachronic linguistics, the branch of linguistics concerned with the study of phonological, grammatical, and semantic changes, the reconstruction of earlier stages of languages, and the discovery and application of the methods by which genetic relationships among languages can be demonstrated. Linguisticallyrelevant diachronic study of cultural.
A diachronic study of change in juju music volume 8 issue 3 afolabi alajabrowne skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. This essay will discuss about the interrelationship between synchronic and diachronic approach from the perspective of historical linguistics. Critics argue that structuralism fails to account for how change occurs. The earliest studies of yoruba religious traditions were carried out by mlssionarles, travellers and explorers who were concerned with writng about the. Synchronic linguistics is one of the two main temporal dimensions of language study introduced by saussure in his course in general linguistics 1916. We suggest printing out the yoruba exercise book and doing the exercises with a pencil or a pen. To characterize the language learning burden placed on someone entering this area of health care, especially someone whose first language is not english, a study was undertaken of the lexical and. A study of relationship between arabic and yoruba languages. Saussure saw the development of language in terms of a series of synchronic states. Grammar current vocabulary current speaking current reading current writing current exercises current ielts current toefl current grammar pdf materials. The differences were and are largely matters of attitude, emphasis, and purpose. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This book is the first comprehensive study of the sound system of ikalanga, a bantu language of the shona group, and its distribution in the phonology. Language change is one of the subjects of historical linguistics, the subfield of linguistics that studies language in its historical aspects.
Both archeology and traditional yoruba oral historians confirm the existence of people in this region for several millennia. The case of vestige of diachrony in yoruba personal. The syllable is a natural unit of organization in spoken language whose strongest crosslinguistic patterns are often explained in terms of a universal preference for the cv structure. It is written to help the beginning student basic knowledge in learning the acquire a language. Weaving is an important craft, practiced by both men and women, as is. This is to certify that this research study the impact of the mother tongue on second language learning and proficiency. A morphological study with special reference to noun prefixes, noun classes, and some agreement markers lopez, barbara s. The ef fects of different similarity judgment criteria kluge 2005 focuses on the wordlist analy 2 in general, all language names are spelled using the latin alphabet and without diacritics. Aim of the study the author reports a content analysis that examined hypotheses and questions regarding cultural values in early british advertising discourse. A full 41 pages of exercises in yoruba to help you learn essential words and phrases in the language. A collection of material, published up until approximately 1950 and consisting of textbooks, monographs and lecture.
Yoruba language, one of a small group of languages that comprise the yoruboid cluster of the defoid subbranch of the benuecongo branch of the nigercongo language family. Minnan, yue, wu, xiang and northern mandarin with reference to crosslinguistic studies on negation such as dryer a brief historical sketch is also made of archaic chinese 5 th. The scope of diachronic onomasiology, in vilmos agel, andreas gardt. The other is diachronic linguistics, which is the study of language through periods of time in history. The use of indigenous language in radio broadcasting. Owomoyela yoruba studies center for african studies. Diachronic linguistics is the study of the changes in language over time. The study of yoruba religious tradition in historical perspective this essay presents an overview of past and recent scholarship in yoruba religion. When they arent farming or worshipping the gods, the yoruba can often be found employed in a variety of arts. Synchronic linguistics is the study of the linguistic elements and usage of a language at a particular moment.
Pdf a diachronic study of the language of chiropractic. Adebayo 2017 some diachronic changes in yoruba grammar. To learn more download the application materials owomoyela yoruba studies grant competition 2018b. The present study focuses on the body and its parts as a semantic domain, providing first of all. The study of yoruba religious tradition in historical. Ilori 2010 reports that the term defoid is a coinage introduced by capo 1989. The word was first used in the middle of the 19th century to emphasize the difference between a newer approach to the study of language that was then developing and the more traditional approach of philology. Transfer from yoruba to english was higher than from english to yoruba at lower levels of proficiency in english. The study aims at accounting the linguistic means used in newspapers caledonian mercury, the times, and the morning post in order to codify cultural values in the diachronic. This study was motivated by the experience of a nursing mother who went to the clinic to obtain immunization for her baby and encountered another mother who could neither speak english nor yoruba, the language of the immediate environment. Yoruba is a language of west africa with over 25 million speakers. The phonetics and phonology of the yoruba language may use the same phones. This basic grammar book of yoruba will teach you simple grammar. Pdf a global evaluation of the teaching and learning of.
A diachronic study of euphemism formation kerry linfootham university of florida, usa abstract this paper examines how very personal linguistic choices are actually products of societal mores and pressures. Sr x reproductions supplied by edrs are the best that can be made. Diachronic studies of arabic language revealthat the contact with yoruba came. Get an answer for what is the difference between diachronic linguistics and synchronic linguistics. Learn yoruba with an exercise book download for free. A pictorial format with sound clips attached to every word.
This book is an investigation of the properties of languages with highly complex syllable patterns. You will be able to see your score after you finish taking the test. It is very important to pay attention to proper pronunciation right from the outset. Contrastive study of english and yoruba morphological. There are two principal approaches in linguistic science to the study of language material, namely the synchronic gr. What is the difference between diachronic linguistics and. In doing this, the study investigated the lexical, semantic and syntactic. Traces of arabic words in yoruba language apart from the borrowed words from hausa to yoruba language like means leave the placekai, gani means to see properly, magaji means heirleader of a family and host of others, there are still many words in yoruba language which emanate from arabic.
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